Florence B. Price (1887-1953)
Classical composer Florence Beatrice Price, born in Little Rock, Ark.,
in 1887, and died in Chicago in 1953, was the first African-American
woman to have a symphony played by a major American orchestra. The
Chicago Symphony Orchestra performed the world premiere of her Symphony
No. 1 in E minor on June 15, 1933, during Chicago’s Century of Progress
Exposition. Her music for violin and piano will be performed Saturday at
the University of Northern Iowa’s Russell Hall in Cedar Falls and
Sunday at the University of Iowa’s Voxman Music Building in Iowa City.
Sat., February 2, 2019
Their names have largely been forgotten, but their music is having a renaissance.
Florence Price and Irene Britton Smith, two
African-American female composers born in different cities in different
centuries, worked largely in the early 20th century in Chicago, striving
to carve their own niches in the face of racial and gender barriers.
While finding some fame in their lifetime, it was
fleeting, and their musical legacy has largely been forgotten. It will
return to the spotlight with concerts of violin and piano pieces
Saturday (2/2) at the University of Northern Iowa in Cedar Falls and
Sunday (2/3) at the University of Iowa in Iowa City.
“The quality of the music speaks for itself,” said
pianist Nathan Carterette, 38, of Iowa City, who will be performing with
Yale University classmate and violinist Er-Gene Kahng of Fayetteville,
Ark.
“Price, in particular, wrote these big symphonic
works, almost without a hope of having them performed,” he said, noting
that she wrote to Serge Koussevitzky, then music director of the Boston
Symphony Orchestra, telling him that she had two strikes against her:
being a woman and having black blood in her mixed-race heritage. “She
faced a lot of barriers in her society,” Carterette said.
“I think it’s important today to revive and discover
this music, because even though our society is not what it was in the
’40s and ’50s, there’s a lot that hasn’t changed. We see comments even
from our own elected representatives in Iowa that show just what can be
on people’s minds when they talk about what is available for people of
certain ethnic heritages,” he said. “It’s pretty shocking to think how
in some ways, how little has changed since that time.
“I think that’s important, but in the end, the
quality of their music does speak for itself. But these people like
Price and Smith can also represent something bigger than their own
music. It’s a moment of reckoning for us to try and give them the
opportunities that in their lifetime were denied.”
LIFETIMES
Price, born in Arkansas in 1887, became the first
African-American female composer to have a symphony played by a major
American orchestra, when the Chicago Symphony Orchestra performed the
world premiere of her Symphony No. 1 in E minor on June 15, 1933. The
piece had won a prestigious competition the previous year, and was
hailed by the Chicago Daily News as “a faultless work, a work that
speaks its own message with restraint and yet with passion ... worthy of a place in the regular symphonic repertory.”
Her career took a different turn, however, when she
met celebrated singer Marian Anderson and writer Langston Hughes.
Anderson sang Price’s arrangements of spirituals, as well as her setting
of poetry by Hughes, which brought Price renewed recognition.
Price died in 1953, and when her dilapidated house
near Chicago was purchased for renovation in 2009, the buyer found in
the attic boxes with 200 manuscripts of her unknown works, which are now
being published.
Juilliard-educated Smith, born in Chicago in 1907,
studied piano, violin and composition. Initially, when her parents
couldn’t afford to send her to Northwestern University to study music,
she went to a teachers college.
She taught elementary school in Chicago, noted for
her method for teaching reading. She eventually studied music at an
elite level and composed works for violin, piano, ensembles, orchestra
and voice until 1962, as noted in “From Spirituals to Symphonies:
African-American Women Composers and Their Music,” by Helen Walker-Hill.
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