Earlier in February, the Jacobs School of Music paid tribute to this visionary composer with a production of "Highway 1, USA,"
an opera created by Still. Performed by a primarily Black cast and
directed by Kimille Howard, assistant stage director with the
Metropolitan Opera House in New York, the three-act opera was preceded
by "19," a ballet set to music from Still's "Afro-American Symphony" and
choreographed by Sasha Janes, associate professor of music (ballet) at
Jacobs.
Still was the first Black composer to conduct his own work
as it was performed by a major American orchestra. Though highly
accomplished, his career did not come without the hurdles of racism. He
composed music for the 1939 World's Fair in New York City, which he
could only attend safely with the help of a police escort except on
"Negro Day." He also composed music for many motion pictures in
Hollywood, but he resigned before finishing the score for the 1943 film
"Stormy Weather," in protest of 20th Century Fox degrading people of
color.
The opportunity to commemorate Still's work while
collaborating with other Black performers created a sense of comfort for
the students involved in the Jacobs School production, according to
mezzo-soprano Maisah Outlaw, who played the role of Aunt Lou.
"America
is a melting pot, and I love being around lots of various cultures,"
Outlaw said. "We don't only want to get the perspective of what we know,
but there is something really cool about being in a group of people
that have the same cultural experiences as you. It can be really
enriching and nice to have that feeling of comfort."
Outlaw, a
first-generation college student, has an undergraduate degree in
journalism and French and never studied music formally before coming to
Indiana University. She worked as a Montessori teacher in Minneapolis
during the summer of 2020 when George Floyd was killed by a police
officer, an event that set off a domino effect of protests as people
called for change across the country. That summer, Outlaw said, she
began to think about a dream of hers that she had not felt was possible
before.
"I always had this passion for music that I never felt
like I could pursue, being a first-generation college student," said
Outlaw, who is now pursuing her graduate degree at the Jacobs School.
"So many people, both people of color as well as people without means in
general, look at opera as an inaccessible world. I had never sung opera
before, but I knew I had the voice, so I doubled up on voice coaches
and applied to some grad programs. If I decide to do something, I really
do it."
When she was accepted to the Jacobs School, her dreams to
pursue music were finally within reach. Outlaw said she was drawn to IU
by the number of opportunities to perform and gain stage experience.
"Part
of my artist's mission, which I'm still finalizing, is to increase the
accessibility of opera," Outlaw said. "Representation is a part of that.
If it feels accessible, people will feel empowered to start a career in
the arts."
Outlaw said "Highway 1, USA" was a fitting opera
for her first stage role at Jacobs because it feels accessible and
relatable. Still wrote the opera about Black American characters. It is
sung in English, and the characters deal with real-world issues of
family, love and marriage.
Love was an important theme in Still's
life. In 1939, he went to great lengths to marry his second wife,
pianist Verna Arvey. She was the daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants.
Since interracial marriages were still illegal in California, the couple
traveled across the border to Tijuana to marry. They later collaborated
on "Highway 1, USA," with Still creating the composition and Arvey the
libretto. At the story's center is the strong, loving bond between the
main characters, Bob and Mary.
Baritone Marvin Wayne Allen played
the role of Bob. Allen grew up in a musical family. His first love was
pop and R&B, and he became interested in singing classical music
while working with a vocal coach in high school. He eventually studied
in Austria for a summer, where he attended the Salzburg Festival and saw
several inspiring opera performances. Now a graduate student at Jacobs,
Allen said this production, coupled with the support he feels from his
school, has helped him grow as an artist.
"I'm really happy with
my choice to come to IU," said Allen, who is pursuing his master's in
music: voice and opera. "My teacher that I study with is a Black man,
which I find to be very validating. I feel very seen by him, and I feel
like that's something that IU gave me.
"Pieces by Black composers
typically aren't in the canon of classics that are performed over and
over again. I think it's important to normalize the fact that there are
Black composers, not just now but also from many years ago, whose works
deserve to be showcased in the same way that we showcase the Mozarts and
the Beethovens. That's one of the reasons why I find a lot of personal
fulfillment in doing an opera by William Grant Still."
Black
composers have been historically marginalized in America's major opera
houses. Since 1883, when the Metropolitan Opera House opened in New York
City, only one opera from a Black composer had been staged. But after
that oversight garnered attention during the summer of 2020, "Fire Shut
Up in My Bones" by composer Terence Blanchard kicked off the 2021-22
opera season. Based on New York Times columnist Charles Blow's memoir,
the opera sold out.
The world of opera has also been criticized
for its lack of Black directors, stage managers and other upper-level
roles. "Porgy and Bess," an opera composed by Gershwin, was recently
staged at the Met with a nearly all-Black cast. However, the director
and conductor were white.
In their search for someone to direct
"Highway 1, USA," Jacobs reached out to Kimille Howard. Originally from
Carmel, Indiana, Howard has forged a successful career as a director,
writer and filmmaker. In addition to being assistant stage director at
the Met, she is the artistic director for the Lucille Lortel Theatre's
New York City Public High School Playwriting Fellowship and a co-founder
of the Black Classical Music Archive. She said she understands
firsthand the importance of representation on stage and off.